Gentoo

• Install Gentoo

Install Gentoo

Full instructions for a Gentoo installation with UEFI + GRUB, a single boot/ESP partition, LUKS-encrypted root, initramfs, and OpenRC (desktop stage3).

This follows the official Gentoo Handbook and the Rootfs encryption wiki, adapted for your requirements. It assumes an amd64 system, a single disk (replace /dev/nvme0n1 or /dev/sda with your actual device), and a fresh install from the official Gentoo LiveCD/USB.

Warning: This will destroy all data on the target disk. Back up anything important. Have a second machine or the Live environment ready for recovery. Test the password carefully.

Recommended partition layout (single boot partition)

/dev/nvme0n1 (or /dev/sda)
 ├── p1  EFI System Partition (ESP)   ~1 GiB   FAT32   mounted at /boot
 └── p2  LUKS encrypted root          rest     → filesystem (ext4/xfs/btrfs)

The ESP holds GRUB, the kernel, and the initramfs. The root is fully encrypted.

1. Boot the Live environment and prepare the disk

Boot the official Gentoo Minimal or LiveGUI ISO. Configure networking if needed (dhcpcd, wpa_supplicant, etc.).

Identify the disk:

lsblk -f

Create a GPT partition table and the two partitions with fdisk:

fdisk /dev/nvme0n1

• g → create new GPT
• n → partition 1, default start, size +1G
• t → type 1 (EFI System)
• n → partition 2, default start/end (rest of disk)
• t → type 23 (Linux root x86-64) or leave as Linux filesystem
• w → write and exit

Format the ESP:

mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/nvme0n1p1

2. Create and open the LUKS volume

modprobe dm-crypt
cryptsetup luksFormat --type luks2 --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --key-size 512 --hash sha512 --pbkdf argon2id /dev/nvme0n1p2

(Type YES and enter a strong passphrase. Remember it — there is no recovery without it.)

Optional (recommended on SSDs):

cryptsetup luksHeaderBackup /dev/nvme0n1p2 --header-backup-file /tmp/root_headers.img
# Copy the header backup somewhere safe later

Open it:

cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0n1p2 root

(This creates /dev/mapper/root.)

Optional persistent discard (SSDs):

cryptsetup refresh --persistent --allow-discards root

3. Create the root filesystem

Choose one (examples):

ext4 (simple & reliable):

mkfs.ext4 -L rootfs /dev/mapper/root

xfs:

mkfs.xfs -L rootfs /dev/mapper/root

btrfs (popular for desktops, supports subvolumes/snapshots):

mkfs.btrfs -L rootfs /dev/mapper/root

Mount everything:

mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo
mount /dev/mapper/root /mnt/gentoo
mkdir -p /mnt/gentoo/boot
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/gentoo/boot

(If using btrfs subvolumes, create them now and mount the @ subvolume as root.)

4. Download and extract the desktop OpenRC stage3

Find the current desktop OpenRC stage3:

# On the live system
links https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/   # or use wget/curl
# Look for stage3-amd64-desktop-openrc-*.tar.xz

Or directly (check mirrors for the newest):

cd /mnt/gentoo
wget https://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-stage3-amd64-desktop-openrc/stage3-amd64-desktop-openrc-*.tar.xz
# (use the exact current filename)
tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.xz --xattrs-include='*.*' --numeric-owner

5. Prepare for chroot

cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/
mount --types proc /proc /mnt/gentoo/proc
mount --rbind /sys /mnt/gentoo/sys
mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/sys
mount --rbind /dev /mnt/gentoo/dev
mount --make-rslave /mnt/gentoo/dev
mount --bind /run /mnt/gentoo/run
mount --make-slave /mnt/gentoo/run

Enter the chroot:

chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
source /etc/profile
export PS1="(chroot) ${PS1}"

6. Portage configuration (common make flags)

Edit /etc/portage/make.conf:

# Common recommended flags
COMMON_FLAGS="-O2 -pipe -march=native"
CFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
CXXFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FCFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"

# Parallel jobs – adjust to your CPU/RAM (rough rule: min(nproc, RAM_GB/2))
MAKEOPTS="-j$(nproc) -l$(nproc)"

# Useful global USE flags for a desktop system (add/remove as needed)
USE="X alsa pulseaudio dbus elogind udev -systemd \
     opengl vulkan \
     -qt5 -kde gnome \          # or the opposite depending on DE
     networkmanager \
     crypt"

# CPU-specific (run after first emerge of app-portage/cpuid2cpuflags)
# CPU_FLAGS_X86="aes avx ..."

ACCEPT_LICENSE="*"
INPUT_DEVICES="libinput"
VIDEO_CARDS="..."               # amdgpu, nvidia, intel, etc.

Sync the tree and set the profile:

emerge-webrsync
eselect profile list
eselect profile set default/linux/amd64/23.0/desktop/openrc   # or the current desktop openrc profile

7. Install essential packages

emerge --ask sys-fs/cryptsetup
# If using btrfs: emerge --ask sys-fs/btrfs-progs
echo "sys-kernel/linux-firmware linux-fw-redistributable" >> /etc/portage/package.license
emerge --ask sys-kernel/gentoo-sources sys-kernel/linux-firmware
emerge --ask sys-boot/grub:2 sys-boot/efibootmgr
# For initramfs generation (recommended modern options):
emerge --ask sys-kernel/installkernel
# Choose one generator:
echo "sys-kernel/installkernel dracut grub" >> /etc/portage/package.use/installkernel
emerge --ask sys-kernel/dracut   # or ugrd

8. Kernel configuration

eselect kernel set 1
cd /usr/src/linux
make menuconfig

Critical options (search with /):

• Device Drivers → Multiple devices driver support → Device mapper support → Crypt target support
• Cryptographic API → enable AES, XTS, SHA-*, etc. (or use hardware crypto)
• File systems → the one you chose (ext4/xfs/btrfs)
• Enable EFI runtime services, EFI stub if desired

Build and install:

make -j$(nproc)
make modules_install
make install          # with installkernel this also generates the initramfs

9. Initramfs for LUKS

With Dracut (common): Create /etc/dracut.conf.d/luks.conf:

add_dracutmodules+=" crypt "
# or more complete: add_dracutmodules+=" crypt dm "
hostonly="yes"

Get the LUKS UUID:

blkid /dev/nvme0n1p2

Find the version of the kernel you actually built:

ls /lib/modules/
# or
ls /boot/vmlinuz*

Then create /etc/dracut.conf.d/i18n.conf with this content (correct for OpenRC):

# Correct mapping for Gentoo OpenRC
i18n_vars="/etc/conf.d/keymaps:keymap-KEYMAP,extended_keymaps-EXT_KEYMAPS /etc/conf.d/consolefont:consolefont-FONT,consoletranslation-FONT_MAP /etc/rc.conf:unicode-UNICODE"

Then either let installkernel generate it or run:

dracut --force --hostonly --kver 6.18.52-gentoo   # or the installed kernel version

With UGRD (Gentoo-specific, often simpler for LUKS): It usually auto-detects; just ensure the USE flag is set and rebuild the initramfs via installkernel.

10. fstab and crypttab

/etc/fstab example:

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <fs>                  <mountpoint>  <type>  <opts>                 <dump/pass>

# EFI System Partition (your single boot partition)
UUID=XXXX-XXXX          /boot         vfat    umask=0077,noatime     0 2

# Encrypted root filesystem
UUID=yyyyyyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyy-yyyyyyyyyyyy  /  ext4  defaults,noatime  0 1
# (or xfs / btrfs – change the type accordingly)

# Optional: if you have a swap file or partition
# /dev/mapper/root-swap  none  swap  sw  0 0
# or for a swap file:
# /swapfile              none  swap  sw  0 0

/etc/crypttab (for OpenRC):

root  UUID=your-luks-uuid  none  luks

11. GRUB configuration

echo 'GRUB_PLATFORMS="efi-64"' >> /etc/portage/make.conf
emerge --ask sys-boot/grub

# Edit /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="rd.luks.uuid=YOUR-LUKS-UUID root=/dev/mapper/root"
# or the older genkernel-style: crypt_root=UUID=... root=/dev/mapper/root
# Add other options as needed (quiet, splash, etc.)

grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=Gentoo
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

12. Timezone

# List available timezones
ls /usr/share/zoneinfo

# Example for Europe/Berlin (change to your zone)
echo "Europe/Berlin" > /etc/timezone

# Apply it
emerge --config sys-libs/timezone-data

13. Locale

Generate the locales you want

nano /etc/locale.gen

Uncomment (or add) the locales you need. Common example:

en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
de_DE.UTF-8 UTF-8
# add others if you want

Generate them:

locale-gen

Check they exist:

locale -a

Select the system locale

eselect locale list

You’ll see something like:

Available targets for the LANG variable:
  [1]   C
  [2]   C.UTF-8
  [3]   POSIX
  [4]   en_US.UTF-8
  [5]   de_DE.UTF-8
  [ ]   (free form)

Set the one you want (example for English UTF-8):

eselect locale set 4

Reload the environment:

env-update && source /etc/profile

14. Hostname

# Set the hostname (replace "gentoo" with whatever you want)
echo "gentoo" > /etc/hostname

# Also set it in the OpenRC config
nano /etc/conf.d/hostname

12. Final system configuration

• Set root password: passwd
• Create a regular user: useradd -m -G users,wheel,audio,video,plugdev -s /bin/bash youruser then passwd youruser
• Timezone, locale, hostname as usual (handbook chapters)
• Install a desktop environment / display manager later after first boot
• For OpenRC + desktop: emerge elogind, dbus, NetworkManager, etc., and enable services with rc-update

Exit chroot, unmount, and reboot:

exit
umount -l /mnt/gentoo/dev{/shm,/pts,}
umount -R /mnt/gentoo
cryptsetup luksClose root
reboot

On boot you should get a GRUB menu, then a passphrase prompt from the initramfs, then OpenRC.

Additional tips

• Keep a backup of the LUKS header in a safe place.
• After first boot, run emerge --ask app-portage/cpuid2cpuflags and add the resulting CPU_FLAGS_X86=... to make.conf, then rebuild world if desired.
• For a nicer desktop experience later: install your preferred DE (Plasma, GNOME, XFCE, etc.) and a display manager.
• Secure Boot is possible but requires extra signing steps (not covered here).
• Always consult the current Handbook and the Rootfs encryption page for updates:
  https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:AMD64
  https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Rootfs_encryption

This setup gives you a clean, single-boot-partition, LUKS-encrypted root with GRUB on UEFI and OpenRC. Enjoy the compile times!